Woodwardia fimbriata, Giant Chain Fern

Native to West Coast forests from British Columbia to Baja, Giant Chain Fern is the largest fern in North America. Its glossy, deep-green fronds stretch out to 8 feet long in the wild, but in garden settings, it usually maxes out at around 4 to 6 feet tall and wide. Performs best in nutrient-rich but well-draining soil with regular water and shade. Requires full shade in Southern California landscapes and can be difficult to keep vigorous unless these conditions are met.

The spore-producing dots on the back of its fronds are arranged in neat lines, the characteristic that gives the chain ferns their name. The chain shape is visible on both the surface and underside of each leaflet. This fern can be either evergreen or summer deciduous depending on its growing conditions.